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Developmental delay means that a child is behind in developing skills that are common during a particular age or during a particular time period. A developmental delay, however is more than being a little behind other children in a skill; it is being behind in a combination of skills or not meeting development milestones. These are examples of developmental delays:

• Not reaching developmental milestones of sitting, crawling, and walking
• Not learning at an age appropriate level
• Not developing age appropriate play and social skills

Fine motor skills are small movements made with fingers, toes, wrists, lips, and tongue, like holding a small object or picking up a spoon. If your child is struggling with fine motor skills, they may have difficulty with one of these actions:

• Manipulating toys and puzzles
• Holding a pencil
• Using silverware or straws at an age-appropriate time
• Using scissors
• Using zippers, buttons, shoelaces
• Coloring, drawing, tracing, prewriting shapes
• Poor handwriting, letter/number formation
• Not developing a hand dominance at an age-appropriate time
• Avoiding tasks and games that require fine motor skills

Gross motor skills help us move and coordinate our arms, legs, and other body parts. They involve larger muscles that help us control our body. A child who is behind in movement, strength, and/or balance may appear clumsy or uncoordinated. They may also have difficulty with these things:

• Going up and down stairs at an age appropriate time
• Coordinating both sides of the body
• Understanding the concept of right and left
• Poor ball skills
• Poor balance

Their muscle tone, or muscle tension and resistance, could be higher or lower than the appropriate developmental milestone. They might also:

• be fearful of feet leaving the ground
• doesn't cross midline of his or her body during play and school tasks
• avoids tasks and games that require gross motor skills

Visual processing is the process we use to make sense of what we see. It is a process in our brain that interprets visual information. If your child has difficulty with one of these things, they may have difficult with visual processing:

• Difficulty with the spacing and sizes of letters
• Difficulty with recognizing letters
• Difficulty with copying shapes or letters
• Difficulty with visual tracking and crossing midline
• Difficulty finding objects among other objects
• Difficulty with copying from the board or another paper
• Difficulty with the concept of right and left

Your child may lose his or her place when reading or copying from the board or may have poor eye contact.

Oral motor or oral sensory skills are control of muscle movements in the face and oral area, such as the lips, jaw, tongue, and soft palate. Delayed oral motor and sensory skills can show in one or more of these ways:

• Excessive drool
• Çhews food in the front of the mouth, rather than on the molars
• Difficulty using a cup at an age-appropriate time
• Difficulty with drinking from a straw at an age-appropriate time
• Lengthy bottle or breast feedings
• Tiredness after eating
• Baby loses excessive liquid from his or her lips when bottle or breast feeding
• Child loses excessive liquid or food from his or her mouth when drinking or chewing
• Child appears to be excessively picky when eating, only eating certain types or textures of food
• Child excessively mouths toys or objects beyond an age-appropriate time

Sensory processing is making sense of information that we receive through our senses, like sound and smell. Your child may be oversensitive to things around them and show the following symptoms:

• Overly sensitive or heightened reactivity to sound, touch, or movement
• Under-responsive to certain sensations (e.g., high pain tolerance, doesn't notice cuts/bruises)
• Constantly moving, jumping, crashing, bumping
• Easily distracted by visual or auditory stimuli
• Emotionally reactive
• Difficulty coping with change
• Inability to calm self when upset

Social interaction skills are skills that help us have relationships and understand those around us. They help us bond with other people in our life. Your child may have delayed social skills if they show some of the following things:

• Difficulty interacting socially and engaging with family and peers
• Difficulty adapting to new environments
• Delayed language skills
• Overly focused on one subject (e.g., space, universe, dinosaurs, trains)
• Can't cope in the school environment

Learning challenges, sometimes called learning disabilities, are another type of developmental delay. If your child is challenged by one of the following, you may want to consult an occupational therapist:

• Unable to concentrate and focus at school
• Easily distracted
• Difficulty following instructions and completing work
• Tires easily with school work
• Poor impulse control
• Hyperactivity or low energy
• Not keeping up with workload at school
• Difficulty learning new material
• Makes letter or number reversals after age seven

Play skills are skills that can help a child make sense of the world around them. A child can gain self-confidence, learn problem solving, and develop social skills through play. Your child may be developmentally delayed if they show one of the following symptoms:

• Needs adult guidance to initiate play
• Difficulty with imitative play
• Wanders aimlessly without purposeful play
• Moves quickly from one activity to the next
• Does not explore toys appropriately
• Participates in repetitive play for hours (e.g., lining up toys)
• Does not join in with peers/siblings when playing
• Does not understand concepts of sharing and turn taking

Is your child having trouble sleeping at night ?

If your child is having difficulty sleeping it may be due to complications in sensory processing, however, that is not always the case but, you as a parent now have the tools to make bedtime for you and your child go a bit smoother. Here are some helpful tips:

1. Make sure that your child's room is dark, quiet and cool. Studies show that room temperature plays an essential role in allowing your body's circadian rhythm to trigger the sleep cycle. 
2. Have them engage in at least 30 min physical activity during the day or after completing school activities. Having your child engage in physical activity allows them to expend that extra energy they have built up. This could involve going for a family walk, bike ride, jumping on a trampoline, playing hide and go seek, getting involved in sports or dancing !
3. No large meals or snacks before bedtime - We all know that avoiding caffeine is the biggest help when trying to put our kids to bed, but their dinner can play a significant role as well. Parents/caregivers should avoid fatty foods such as chips/cookies and should transition to crackers or small portions of fruit if a snack is needed. 
4. No sugary snacks of beverages before bedtime- The AHA states that children should consume no more than 25 grams (6 tablespoons) per day and no more than 8 oz of sugary drinks should be consumed within the week. This intake of sugar right before bedtime prevents them from being able to fall asleep and increases their blood sugar only for it to drop significantly. 
5. Set a bedtime routine schedule and be consistent , it is important for your child to stick to a bedtime routine because depending on your child’s age there is a certain amount of sleep required to help their bodies properly develop and creates lifelong sleeping habits. I will share how many hours each age group requires below.
6. Warm bath before bedtime with calming scents - taking a warm bath one/two hours before bedtime helps raise your child's body temperature, only for it to decrease once they get out, therefore promoting your child's natural sleep cycle. 
7. No TV or screen time right before bedtime - according to the national sleep foundation screen time can be physiologically and psychologically stimulating , suppress melatonin and confuses tour circadian rhythm.
8. Try a sleep mask - Sleeping masks help block out sunlight , the lighting in your child’s bedroom is crucial to the quality of sleep and regulation of the body’s circadian rhythm.